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HRS Heat Exchangers, Booth US-7465, PACK EXPO Las Vegas HRS Heat Exchangers will demonstrate at PACK EXPO Las Vegas, NV (Sept 23-25, 2019) how its 40 years’ experience in the food and drink sector has enabled it to develop complete turnkey solutions alongside its core range of heat exchangers for processes such as pasteurisation, sterilisation,…

HRS Heat Exchangers, Stand 220, Aquatech Mexico HRS Heat Exchangers will showcase highlights from its extensive range of heat exchangers and treatment systems for wastewater and anaerobic digestion at Aquatech Mexico in September, with a particular focus on energy efficiency and preventing equipment fouling. HRS’ heat exchangers are well established around the world in sectors…

No two industrial processes or production lines are the same. Companies and their engineers spend huge amounts of time and money developing the most efficient and practical way to achieve their individual objectives. Specifying off the shelf equipment for a customised process can therefore be counter-productive: bespoke can often be a more cost-effective option. In…

Wastewater, sewage, effluents and sludge are useful sources of energy with the potential to heat (or in some circumstances cool) other products or materials in industrial processes. The DTR Series of double tube heat exchangers from HRS is designed to maximise direct (product-to-product) energy recovery from such low viscosity materials, allowing valuable heat to be…

Liquid and semi-liquid waste streams are an unavoidable aspect of many industrial processes, from energy production to food manufacturing; from chemical processing to wastewater treatment; systems which can reduce the volume and water content of such waste streams can not only cut disposal costs, but often turn a waste into a potentially valuable resource. Evaporation…

HRS Heat Exchangers, Stand B30, FoodTech Qld 2019 HRS Heat Exchangers will showcase models from its comprehensive range of heat exchangers for the food industry at FoodTech Qld in Brisbane in July, with a particular focus on safe and efficient pasteurisation and sterilisation. From stand-alone heat exchangers, such as the M Series, for food products…

Ready Foods, a US manufacturer of soups and sauces, has cut the time it takes to chill one of its core products by a third, thanks to a turnkey cooling system from HRS Heat Exchangers that is ideal for viscous materials. After receiving a large order for one of its meat marinades from a leading…

HRS Heat Exchangers, Stand G201, UK AD & World Biogas Expo HRS Heat Exchangers will showcase highlights from its extensive range of heat exchangers and treatment systems for anaerobic digestion at UK AD & World Biogas in July, with a particular focus on the benefits of removing water from biogas. If water enters a CHP…

Water for Injection (WFI) is a key ingredient of many pharmaceutical products and can also be used in its own right, for example to irrigate wounds. Typically, WFI is recirculated at temperatures in excess of 75°C to prevent microbial growth; however the take-off points for product manufacturing require WFI at ambient temperatures. Globally, WFI is…

HRS Heat Exchangers, Booth 3010, Expo Pack Guadalajara 2019 HRS Heat Exchangers will showcase their range of aseptic fillers and sanitary stainless steel heat exchangers which are purpose-designed for the most demanding food and drink applications at booth 3010 at Expo Pack Guadalajara 2019 (Jalisco, Mexico, June 11-13). In addition, HRS will demonstrate real life…

HRS Heat Exchangers, Stand AL39, ProPak Asia 2019 HRS Heat Exchangers will showcase a range of solutions to key challenges facing food producers, such as tackling waste and incorporating smart technology into production lines, on stand AL39 at ProPak Asia 2019 (Bangkok, Thailand 12-15 Jun). Having created a range of aseptic fillers, including the AF…

There are a variety of tubular heat exchangers on the market, but for many applications corrugated tubes continue to be preferred over smooth ones. Matt Hale, International Sales & Marketing Director of HRS Heat Exchangers, explains why… While plate heat exchangers are still commonly used for simple viscous fluids such as water, milk and some…

As climate scientists and world leaders met in Poland in December, in Australia the publication of the first ‘state of the nation’ report into the country’s bioenergy sector showed there is still much to do. The first Bioenergy state of the nation report¹ was produced for Bioenergy Australia by KPMG and was published on 4…

At CHEMUK 2019 Stand F10, HRS Heat Exchangers will showcase its SI Series of multitube heat exchangers, which includes a double tubeplate to aid leak detection and prevent cross-contamination between the service fluid and product. Whether you are processing fine chemicals or treating complex waste streams, every part of the process needs to be reliable,…

Pasteurisation and sterilisation are now well established as a key step in the production of many different food and drink products. Both pasteurisation and sterilisation involve the use of heat, usually in a way which does not affect the fundamental characteristics of the product (in other words, it doesn’t cook it). However, while sterilisation seeks…

HRS Heat Exchangers, West Building – Stand 698, ProFood Tech 2019 HRS Heat Exchangers will showcase a number of solutions to key issues facing food producers on its stand (# 698) at ProFood Tech in Chicago, IL in March, including tackling waste and incorporating smart technology. Having created a range of aseptic fillers, including the…

HRS Heat Exchangers has been recognised as one of the UK’s top 200 fastest-growing firms for international sales. The thermal technology specialist features in the 10th annual Sunday Times HSBC International Track 200 league table, which ranks independent UK companies according to their international sales growth over the last two years. With an impressive 41…

Waste is increasingly viewed as a resource. From well-established practices such as recycling paper and aluminium, to the development of the circular economy, an increasing volume of resources are now being recovered from materials that were previously seen only as inconvenient wastes. Waste valorisation is the process of recovering value from waste materials, for example…

HRS Heat Exchangers, Stand E12, Hall 4, SMAGUA 2019 At SMAGUA 2019 Stand E12, HRS Heat Exchangers will explain why resource and energy efficiency is just as important when dealing with wastewater streams as it is for fresh water availability. Under Article 9 of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), governments have a responsibility to…

In today’s fast moving food and drink industry innovation is king. Everyone is looking for the next product to give their business the edge and food fashions and trends come and go with increasing speed. Food manufacturers often need to use seasonal ingredients, potentially offering limited edition flavours or varieties of key products: from herbal…

Cross contamination in the pharmaceutical industry is not just an issue for those working in it, but also for the wider public as a whole. Understandably, most of the attention on contamination in pharma manufacturing and processing is focused on either cross contamination between products or agents, or from the spread of agents, such as…

Pumps are an essential part of many food processing lines: not just for liquids, but also viscous materials such as spreads and dips, and materials containing solids such as fruit and vegetable mixes. Using the wrong pump can have expensive consequences in terms of both potential damage to products or equipment, or higher than expected…

The management and treatment of manures and slurries from livestock production is becoming an increasing issue around the world. The potential of manure to cause environmental harm and contribute to climate change when not correctly stored, handled or applied is significant. However, manures and slurries also represent a valuable resource and can return valuable crop…

Industry 4.0; fourth industrial revolution; internet of things – Three terms referring to the shift in industry towards autonomous production systems using machines which are controlled and monitored by computer-based algorithms. While there can be a lot of hype, there is no doubt that the general direction of travel in manufacturing is for the use…

Thanks to tighter environmental regulations and greater public awareness, companies are increasingly looking to reduce or eliminate the waste that they produce. In recent years, Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) has become an important waste reduction technique, but its potential in dealing with hazardous waste streams has not been fully appreciated until now. One of the…

At PACK EXPO International 2018 stand E-10317, HRS Heat Exchangers will showcase its new HRS RHD Series of heavy duty heat exchangers, perfect for highly viscous, almost solid materials such as nut butters. As one of the biggest food trends over the last two years, the nut butter market has exploded to include peanut, almond,…

At BioCycle REFOR18 stand 38, HRS Heat Exchangers will be demonstrating the crucial role that heat exchangers can play in improving the overall efficiency of biogas plants: from pre-heating feedstock to concentrating and pasteurising digestate. HRS Heat Exchangers provides a wide range of dedicated heat exchangers for the anaerobic digestion sector around the world, including…

At WEFTEC 2018 New Orleans, stand 2357, HRS Heat Exchangers will demonstrate the trial version of its unique effluent Concentration System for the first time ever in the US. The trial system enables plant operators to measure how much their effluent waste volumes can be reduced before committing to a full-sized system. With the trial-size…

Nut butter is one of the big food trends of the last two years. Once the only choice on the shelf would have been between smooth or crunchy peanut butter, but recently, as the health benefits of quality nut butter have been understood, the market has exploded to include peanut, almond, cashew, and even seed…

A key challenge in the food industry is recovering valuable product which is left in equipment and pipework after production runs, for example between product change-overs and before cleaning. Product lost in this way increases operating costs unnecessarily and affects beverage manufactures to sauce producers, fruit and vegetable purées, and many other products. Companies often…

When treating wastewater, sludge and digestate, it can be beneficial to reduce the volume of material or increase the solids content. Mechanical dewatering via a centrifuge or belt press to separate solids and liquids is standard for the water treatment and anaerobic digestion sectors – but what if you want to further reduce the water…

Different materials need different types of heat exchanger. For the simplest fluids such as water and milk, plate heat exchangers are often sufficient, but as products become more challenging (for example more viscous, or containing particles), then different types of tubular and scraped surface heat exchangers are required. For those products with extremely high fouling…

At UK AD & World Biogas Expo 2018 stand D603, HRS Heat Exchangers will showcase its novel Digestate Concentration System (DCS), which increases the dry solid content of digestate three-or four-fold, typically to between 10-20 per cent. By reducing the liquid fraction and therefore the overall volume of digestate produced, the DCS minimises the economic…

HRS Heat Exchangers is shining a light on a forgotten area of food wastage at this year’s Propak Asia (stand BN42) – food lost during cleaning cycles and production changes. The HRS R Series of scraped surface heat exchangers removes food residues from inside the exchanger, meaning that food factories can now recover valuable product…

At EXPO PACK Mexico City stand 760, HRS Heat Exchangers will showcase its Asepticblock Mini Series – a new skid-mounted unit which combines a pasteuriser or steriliser system with an aseptic filler for food manufacturers requiring a compact portable solution to complete smaller batch runs. The Asepticblock Mini Series is designed to sterilise foods for…

Heat exchangers are widely used across a range of industries, including food manufacturing, chemical processing, water treatment and renewable energy production. As well as basic heating and cooling, they are used for a wide range of other processes including pasteurisation, sterilization, crystallisation and evaporation. With so many uses, and an almost infinite number of materials…

The use of biomethane as a transport fuel is an exciting prospect, but to date development of the necessary infrastructure in the UK has been disappointing. A report last year¹ showed using biomethane could reduce well-to-wheel (WTW) CO2e emissions in road transport by between 35% and 88% depending on the vehicles and lifecycle analysis used….

Hall 10.2, Stand: D069 With resource efficiency topping the agenda at this year’s Anuga FoodTec show, HRS Heat Exchangers is shining a light on a forgotten area of wastage in food processing – food lost during cleaning cycles and production changes. The HRS R Series of scraped surface heat exchangers removes food residue, meaning that…

Around the world the demand for premium fresh and not-from-concentrate orange juice is buoyant, with chilled fresh products often bucking a general trend towards reduced juice consumption. With such products depending on the maintenance of high quality to support demand, we look at how the ‘flash pasteurisation technique’ can help satisfy discerning consumers. Whether fresh…

Heat is fundamental to the food and drink industry. Processes such as cooking, drying and pasteurisation are widely used in all but the most basic food manufacturing and processing situations, in sectors including dairy, fruit and vegetable processing, meat, prepared foods, brewing, dietary supplements and others. This demand for heating (and cooling) requires a large…

Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) is a technique whereby liquid waste streams from industrial plants are eliminated. These are instead replaced with clean water, which can be reused in the process, and the minimum amount of solid residues, which often include valuable by-products that can be sold or reused. ZLD is suitable for a wide range…

The last detailed study of heat use in the agricultural industry was carried out almost 10 years ago*, but it showed that UK farmers used almost 2,200 GWh of heat each year, and that heating accounted for 37 % of the total energy used in agriculture. When horticulture (greenhouses and nurseries) are added, these figures…

1. Can you give me an overview of the range of the water/waste analysis/industry sectors you are involved with? HRS Heat Exchangers provides heat exchangers, pasteurisers and Digestate Concentration Systems to wastewater anaerobic digestion (AD) facilities. HRS’ customers and end-users include Southern Water, Severn Trent Water, Welsh Water, Yorkshire Water, Anglian Water, Northumbrian Water, Wessex…

Over the years, different wastewater companies have adopted different approaches to sludge treatment, but there is now a trend towards anaerobic digestion (AD) and away from incineration. In the UK, the number of AD facilities for sludge treatment has grown 12% from 2010-2015. Those 159 plants generated 25% more energy during the same period*. This…

Aseptic filling is a key process in modern food and ingredient manufacturing, particularly for fruit purees and fillings. We recently installed an upgraded combined line to sterilise, cool and aseptically fill fruit purees for a UK client, and it provides a perfect illustration of how different equipment comes together to form a line capable of…

Aseptic filling, packing and processing are at the heart of many modern food, beverage and pharmaceutical operations. Despite this, the availability of increasingly effective and autonomous aseptic filling machinery means that the actual principles are not always understood, resulting in wrongly specified equipment which does not function as intended. The dictionary tells us that aseptic…

Heat exchangers are a well established tool for the thermal processing of materials. They are used for cooking, pasteurisation and sterilisation, as well as for heating or cooling a range of products. When it comes to designing a heat exchanger, there are two main considerations. The first is to select the right type of heat…

HRS Heat Exchangers is supplying the pasteurisation technology for a new anaerobic digestion (AD) plant in the south of France, which, once operational, will convert more than 65,000 tonnes of abattoir and agricultural waste products into electricity, useful heat and a valuable biological fertiliser for use by local farmers. The plant is being developed for…

The HRS pasteuriser allows the user to adjust the heating-holding-cooling cycle for each product to best suit its requirements with the HTST (High Temperature Short Time) method, where the product is subjected to a high temperature for a short time, thus giving an efficient process allowing sterilisation to be optimised ensuring that the desired results…

By Arnold Kleijn, Product Development Manager, HRS Heat Exchangers Thermal processing is an essential part of many production processes. Whether cooking, pasteurising or sterilising, or heating or cooling a range of products, it’s a safe bet that many manufacturers will be using a heat exchanger to carry out their thermal processing requirements. Yet, with such…

Did you know that Malaysia is one of the world’s largest producers of rubber, and synthetic nitrile rubber, gloves? This position has arisen thanks to Malaysia’s large scale production of rubber. The first rubber trees were planted in the early 1880’s by the British who imported Brazilian and Sri Lankan stock, with some help from…

By Arnold Kleijn, Product Development Manager, HRS Heat Exchangers Thermal processing is an essential part of food production. Whether cooking, pasteurising or sterilising, or heating or cooling a range of products, it’s a safe bet that most food producers will be using a heat exchanger to carry out their thermal processing requirements. Yet, with such…

The ability to move products around during processing is an inherent need for most medium and large-scale food manufacturers. The exact requirements depend on many factors, including the nature of the product itself and the processes involved. However, they tend to fall into two types; those which can be pumped and transported in pipes and…

The scientific consensus on climate change is now well established. 2016 was the warmest year on record, and it is clear that in order to avoid the very worst effects of climate change, we need to use every available tool to decarbonise as many aspects of society as possible, from energy generation and transport, through…

By Matt Hale, International Sales Manager, HRS Heat Exchangers With a few notable exceptions, such as new US president Donald Trump and our own Nigel Lawson, the scientific consensus on climate change is well established. As far back as 2004, 75%[1] of US scientific papers accepted the premise of human modification of the climate. Today,…

By Matt Hale, International Sales Manager, HRS Heat Exchangers In the UK, the wastewater treatment sector has used both aerobic and anaerobic treatment for many years. It is therefore not surprising that when the Renewables Obligation (RO) was introduced in April 2002 (April 2005 in Northern Ireland), sewage sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) plants were well…

A leading American dairy manufacturer selects HRS annular space heat exchangers to overcome several processing challenges within their existing processing line. HRS offered a compact single pass system incorporating triple tube technology, in place of the existing system, which was previously run in parallel lines. Designed to withstand high pressure operations, HRS AS Series hygienic…

HRS Heat Exchangers USA has recently been awarded an order to supply a bespoke hygienic pasteurisation system for a leading fruit processor. The efficient system incorporates 3-off HRS Unicus Series reciprocating scraped surface heat exchangers, with the addition of an HRS BP Series piston pump. The patented HRS Unicus Series is ideally placed for high…

Sustainability has never been higher on the agenda for food and drink companies than it is now. Not only does operating in an ethical and environmentally responsible way make sense for both planet and pocket, but it’s clear that this is what consumers want, too. Research from Globescan revealed that 92 percent of shoppers think…

Heat exchangers are a well-established tool for the thermal processing of materials, such as cooking, pasteurisation and sterilisation, as well as heating or cooling a range of products. When it comes to choosing the right heat exchanger for a particular situation, there is no substitute for professional advice, but you will have a better handle…

Our focus on enabling customers to increase energy efficiency based on application engineering is a unique proposition. For food processing, HRS offers an additional advantage to processors with our state-of-the-art steriliser and filler systems to ensure a hygienic end product with superior shelf life. The advantage is provided to a vast client base applying the…

Whether to add pasteurisation to an anaerobic digestion plant can be a contentious topic in certain circles. While there are undoubtedly benefits, including compliance with the PAS 110 standard for digestate, many plant operators and those considering biogas project see pasteurisation as adding unnecessary cost and complexity to the process. However, six years of supplying…

After several months of hard work and dedication, we are pleased to officially announce the launch of our new website. With a bold new look and simplified navigation, the updated website is not only visually appealing, but also significantly more functional. Enhanced with a host of new features, the streamlined menus provide a more interactive…

HRS Heat Exchangers are proud to announce our recent alliance with the recently launched  World Biogas Association (WBA). With a key focus on managing energy efficiently across the Anaerobic Digestion sector, HRS has partnered with the WBA as founder members to help the association to further develop growth and sustainability across the international AD community….

When processing any kind of remotely viscous food product it is inevitable that a certain amount will adhere to surfaces, such as the inside of vessels and pipe work, or become left in equipment after processing. The potential value of this lost product can soon add up, especially when handling large quantities of viscous, valuable…

HRS Heat Exchangers are pleased to announce the launch of the new HRS MP Series Multitube Heat Exchanger; the HRS MP Series is the latest innovation from our Product Development Centre. Ideally placed for hygienic and industrial applications, the HRS MP Series is a complete stainless steel multi tube design with multiple passes on the…

Traditionally scraped surface heat exchanger (SSHE) technology has been the preferred method selected by processing lines for heating and cooling viscous products. Triple tube corrugated tubular heat exchangers, commonly known as annular space heat exchangers (AS Series) can be utilised in many applications as pre-heaters or pre-coolers prior to the SSHE. The HRS AS Series…

Highlighting our established expertise within the pulp processing sector, HRS India has gained an impressive number of orders for our food evaporation systems. The combination of our technology partnership with key clients has played an integral role in securing new growth within India’s food market. Carefully tailored to meet the challenging requirements for fruit processing,…

HRS India has successfully supplied Nagarjuna Fertilisers with a bespoke thermal transfer solution to overcome a challenging fertiliser production application in India. Nagarjuna Fertilisers are one of the most recognised agricultural brands in India and manufacture a broad range of speciality fertilisers to the farming sector. Energy efficiency in terms of quantum and cost is…

HRS BP Series Piston Pump vs. Progressive Cavity Pumps Pumping inside a helical pump, progressive cavity pump or mono pump is based on a rotor and a stator. The rotor has a helical shape that turns inside a stator made of elastic material. The stator contains cavities in order to create chambers of product that…

Using patented technology designed and manufactured by HRS Heat Exchangers, the DCS is a superior and energy-efficient way of concentrating digestate.     Q: What is your product/technology? The HRS Digestate Concentration System (DCS) reduces the volume of digestate while increasing its nutrient content, reusing water from the CHP engine and surplus heat from other…

Over the past 12 months, HRS India has paved the way to becoming the preferred choice amongst fruit pulp producers and exporters. Having shown great promise within the hygienic sector; HRS India has secured a string of impressive orders for their novel HRS Monobloc Steriliser; whilst creating further sales expansion across several new states to…

Anaerobic digestion (AD) produces many valuable and useful products, including biogas (which can then be turned into heat, electricity or biomethane gas) and digestate, a biofertiliser rich in nutrients and organic matter. However, many AD plants also produce incidental heat, which can be captured and used within the AD process or for other on-site operations….

Following the UK’s vote to leave the European Union, concerns have been raised about the wide-ranging impact faced by existing AD operators, the supply chain and future developers within the AD industry. Suffice to say the recent Brexit result didn’t dampen our fifth consecutive year at the annual UK AD & Biogas exhibition, held at…

Since the release of the HRS R Series Scraped Surfaced Heat Exchanger in 2013, HRS has enjoyed its largest global sales figures from Australia and New Zealand, and the numbers are on the rise. A large number of units sold have been to the manuka honey industry in New Zealand, where cooling of the extremely…

HRS has been selected by one of Australasia’s largest food manufacturers based in New Zealand for the supply of a continuous pasteuriser for their new factory producing fruit and vegetable puree. The compact solution, to be delivered and commissioned this year, is part of a multi-million dollar factory fit-out to drastically increase production while lessening…

HRS India has recently supplied aReactor Circulation Heater for a leading producer of oleochemical products, such as fatty acids, glycerine, esters, technical oils, specialty oleochemicals and biodiesel made from renewable raw materials through use of natural energy resources. The heat exchanger will be utilised as Critical Process Equipment (CPE) and will be applied in the…

HRS Heat Exchangers has provided an ultra-efficient combined steriliser for a leading fresh fruit processor for their premises in Murcia, Spain. The combined steriliser comprises of several key components and has been designed to process fruit puree and fruit particles in a totally sterile atmosphere. The aseptic system incorporates a deaeration system, principally designed to…

We are delighted to announce that HRS Heat Exchangers is among the 2016 Awards finalists at the UK AD & Biogas Industry Awards for a second consecutive year. Our innovative Digestate Concentration System (DCS) has been shortlisted for two awards at this prestigious event, where HRS joins four other companies in the category “Making The Most…

A heat exchanger is simply a device for transferring heat from one fluid or gas to another. Yet choosing the best-suited heat exchanger for a particular application is not that simple and requires the supplier to fully understand your process and products so that the solution delivers optimum performance throughout its working life. With over…

To build on the success of trials conducted on our scraped surface heat exchanger technology, HRS has now increased our capabilities to run product trials on our unique BP Series piston pump for clients in Australia and New Zealand.   The recipe is the same; with a try, before you buy “option for clients who…

Alimentos Profusa, a Mexican fruit and vegetable processor approached HRS to design an aseptic thermal processing system to treat caramel syrup and fruit bases. HRS submitted two proposals based upon their scraped surface heat exchanger technologies, the HRS Unicus and R Series. The HRS R series was selected as the optimum solution due to the…

On 11th April, the President of Murcia, Pedro Antonio Sánchez, attended an inauguration ceremony for the Kernel Export biogas plant installed in Los Alcázares, Murcia (Spain). The President praised the significance of the efficient biogas plant and commented: “Kernel Export is a modern company that has grown within the traditional agricultural sector and has become…

HRS Heat Exchangers has provided a leading Spanish fruit and vegetable processor with an aseptic steriliser for a fruit concentrate application. A leader in processing and treatment of seasonal fruits, citric fruits and vegetables, selected HRS for the design, manufacture and installation of the complete sterilisation unit. The plant, which consists of several fully skid mounted…

As a relatively stable Newtonian fluid, liquid milk presents few handling challenges, something which has resulted in the use of simple plate-type heat exchangers in the majority of dairies. However, other dairy products, such as yoghurt, butter, curds and cheese can all vary according to temperature and, if handled incorrectly, may have their key textural…

It is easy to see why anaerobic digestion (AD) has become such a popular technology in the food processing industry. Currently over 400 AD plants are generating more than 500 MW of energy – yet the potential for UK AD is as much as 80 TWh of methane (equivalent to 30% of the UK’s household…

It is easy to see why anaerobic digestion (AD) has become so popular with farmers across a range of sectors, from livestock and dairy production to vegetable growers. Currently over 400 AD plants are generating more than 500 MW of energy – yet the potential for UK AD is as much as 80 TWh of…

While the ‘circular economy’ was once a buzzword, it is now an accepted phrase and end goal, yet putting it into practice is not quite so easy to do. While a true circular economy in energy usage goes against the laws of physics, getting the most out of energy resources is an area in which…

At the end of January Ofgem announced that more than 3 GW of renewable energy capacity had been accredited under the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) scheme in the UK. While solar photovoltaic projects accounted for more than 98% of the schemes, 135 anaerobic digestion (AD) plants accounted for 3.5% of the electricity generated*. While AD represents…

With biogas combustion heat tariffs under the Non-Domestic RHI between 2.2 and 7.5 p/kWth and heat from an LPG-fuelled boiler currently costing somewhere around 6.6 p/kWth, the price of heat is self-evident. With a typical gas engine producing half its output as usable heat, the heat produced by a 300 kWe engine could be worth…